GROWTH FACTORS OF SERUM

                                                      Growth factorsof serum

In animal cell culture system invitro condition cultured cell undergo divisions only when blood serum is added to the medium. Serum means liquid portion of  the blood without fibrinogen.

These serum proteins were identified and are used instead of serum in the culture medium

they include:

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)	Endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF)	Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)
Staneley cohen                                discovered this GF.	This GF is isolating from eye and  brain.	This is an endogenous growth promoting protein.
Consist of 53  amino acid                      polypeptide chains.	It is also produced in the developing embryo.	Induce cell division in epidermal cells, leukocytes and T cells.
Sub maxillary gland produces this GF.	Molecular weight 16-17 KD.	Mainly involved in wound healing process.
This is known to stimulate the epidermal cell proliferation and nerve cell regeneration	A large number of mesoderm and endoderm derive cells including vascular endothelial cells, glial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts are induced by this factor in the culture condition.	2 types of PDGF  1- Platelet derived GFA (125 amino acid polypeptide chain) 2-Platelet derived GFB  (109 amino acid polypeptide chain)
EGF having major action on stem cell, leuckocytes, macrophages and tissue cells.
More number of animal cells shows response to the EGF in the medium.
This is also required for the embryo development.

      

                                                                                              

       Interleukin 1                Interleukin 2                 Nerve growth factor       Erytheropoietin

                (IL-1)                          (IL-2)                            (NGF)                          (EPO)

IL-1	IL-2	NGF	EPO
Known to produce by macrophages, monocytes, B cells, endothelial cells but mostly by macrophages.	It is 133 amino acid polypeptide chain.	Rita Devimontaleini discovered in 1950s. also known as Neurotrophins.	It is glycoprotein stimulate the division and differentiation of myloid stem cells to red blood cells.
In culture condition or invivo they have effect on varieties of cell types.	These are produced by T cells and generally help in proliferation and differentiation of all types of T cells.	It is 118 amino acid polypeptide chain.	Produced by kidney  and fetal liver cells.
They help in proliferation of stem cells, lymphocytes, fibroblast, B cells, TH cell and epithelial cell.	It also supports long term growth/maintenance of all cultures.	Molecular weight 20 KD.	Molecular weight 30,400 Dalton and 166 amino acid polypeptide chain.
IL-1 was known to induce protein synthesis, adhesion molecules production, extracellular matrix production and alters the permeability of cells.	Sometimes they also show activation and division of B cells.	Produced by sub-maxillary gland.	Protein contains two disulfide bonds and four sites of glycosylation.
Receptor for IL-1 is present on all the cells of the animal body hence they can act on the all cell types in culture system.		NGF regulates the development, differentiation and survival of neutrons in culture conditions.	It acts as mitogenic substance and enhances survival of cells in culture condition and prevents programmed cell death.
IL-1 is a stable polypeptide retaining its activity up to 56 degree Celsius and between pH 3-11.		It is not a good mitogen for the cells in culture.
It occurs in two molecular forms IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta.